www.ORTEGZ.com, Present :
People All Over The World, Ortegz.com present To You Information Necessary For a Happier Life:
|
Biography: Indo-Hispanic (mestizo) : Greatest In World History, Homo Sapien Era, of All & All Times. Augusto Cesar Sandino
 |
| Americans tend to have short historical memories. To most of us it is incomprehensible that Armenians would still want to avenge the slaughter of their countrymen seven decades ago. Americans citizens-those who are not Jews-are often surprised to learn that the survivors of the Nazi holocaust and their descendants are unwilling to forget that supreme horror. While no comparable atrocity was committed by U.S. forces in Nicaragua in 1927-33, a Proud nation was humiliated, occupied Militarily by insensitive and often bigoted foreigners, who left only after putting into place the elements for a sleazy native tyranny-a historical experience that many, perhaps most, Nicaraguans choose not to forget. Inspired by the example of the martyred Sandino, the latter-day Sandinistas remain determined to redeem the honor of their people by continued resistance to the United States. The hostility generated by this affair of more than half a century ago is a major factor in today's confrontation in Central America -Excerpt. book: The Sandino Affair. Pg 8-9 A specter haunting the United States in Central America and the inspiration for the most virulently anti-yankee government established on the Western Hemisphere mainland in more than a century, Sandino was also one of the precursors of modern revolutionary guerilla warfare. This is the process used to seize political control of an entire country by guerrilla action, without resort to conventional military operations, except perhaps in the final stage of the struggle when the guerrilla army has acquired many of the characteristics of a regular army. This final stage, which Sandino's forces never attained, is really an anticlimax; the enemy must be beaten-his will to resist broken-before the guerrilla can employ conventional military procedures for mopping-up operations. Revolutionary guerrilla warfare is a process of attrition directed against the morale of the target government and its supporters-military and civilian, native and foreign. Sandino launched his guerrilla campaign against the U.S. Marines in Nicaragua in 1927, at almost precisely the same time that Mao Tse-tung began his long guerrilla struggle against the government of Chiang Kai-shek in China. That year marked the end of an era in the evolution of guerrilla warfare: the airplane and the machine gun mastered the deserts and plains, denying them to roving columns of guerrilla hosermen......... .........The celebrated guerrillas of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries-the gauchos of the South Americans pampas, the llaneros of Venezuela, the vaqueros of Mexico, the desert warriors of the Middle East-had their day by 1927. The new guerrilla who emerged that year spurned the horse and the lance and avoided massed formations in the open, where he could be cut down by automatic fire or aerial bombardment. -Excerpt. book: The Sandino Affair. Pg 10-11 More Important, the new guerrilla limited his range. His primary concern was to consolidate his control over one limited area from which he could slowly and methodically spread his revolution to other regions of the country...... ......These were the tactics, recounted and analyzed in this book, that were employed by Sandino in Nicaragua from 1927 to 1933. They are essentially the same as the tactics of the people's liberation army in China, the national liberation front in Algeria, the 26 of july movement in Cuba, and the viet minh and Vietcong in Vietnam. Sandino lacked the political sophistication of the leaders of the post-world war 2 liberation movements, but in guerrilla tactics he could have been their teacher. Fidel Castro and Che Guevarra did, in fact, learn much from men who had fought with Sandino or had studied his tactics. -Excerpt. book: The Sandino Affair. Pg 12 ''The Marines had come to save lives in the civil war,'' Henry L. Stimson noted a dozen years after the intervention; ''they had remained to disarm the contenders, chase bandits, and hold an election, and they left behind in the end a country peaceful and independent. It was a job well done.'' Mcgeorge Bundy, who uncritically recorded these reminiscent of the aged statesman, would later, in Vietnam and Santo Domingo, have to face the realities of American military intervention in foreign revolutions. One of secretary Stimson's subordinates during the Nicaraguan intervention, Willard Beaulac, implied that the greatest contribution the Marines made to peace in Nicaragua was to withdraw from the country, for Sandino ended his destructive guerrilla warfare immediately after the Americans left--something he had steadfastly refused to do as long as the Marines were ''maintaining law and order'' in Nicaragua. If the the intervention was not quite the success Stimson publicy proclaimed it to be, this was due primarily to the stubborn resistance of one man. After it was all over, Dana G. Munro of the State Department admitted that Sandino was something more than a simple bandit. ''it is difficult to suppose,'' Munro wrote in 1933, ''that Sandino could have kept up the struggle, against great odds and in the face of severe hardship, if he had not been inspired by a fanatical hostility to foreign intervention.'' Seventeen years later Munro noted that the Marine-Sandinista conflict ''did more to create Latin American ill-will than any other episode in our foreign policy since the 'taking' of Panama. Militarily, the United States benefited from the intervention. ''There is no doubt,'' one Marine officer wrote, ''that the hard campaigning, the perpetual stretching of insufficient means, and the tenacity of the enemy did much to maintain the professional temper of the corps between the two world wars.'' The United States was fortunate to have a group of combat-hardened young Marines colonels--the lieutenants and captains of Nicaragua--when the time came to stop the march of the Japanese Empire across the pacific. In the jungles of Guadalcanal, Edson, Hanneken, Carlson, and Puller made indispensable contributions to the success of the first American offensive of World War 2. These and other veterans of the Nicaraguan campaign ''brought to the geometrically expanded Marine Corps the required skills and judgments necessary for the training and indoctrination of the 'new breed' of Marines.'' The fact that they were unable to put down Sandino's rebellion does not discredit the Marines. They were given an impossible task: to win a war that had no military solution. ''Sandino was in every respect a wholly new phenomenon for the Marine corps and the United States,'' a Marine historian has noted. He was a ''Modern-style guerrilla demagogue.'' Augusto C. Sandino, ''in his articulacy, his talent for agitation, his international connections, his exploitation of the press, his deft intrique, his cynical disregard of political commitments, his vanishing powers across 'neutral' frontiers...is far more readily recognizable in the 1960s than in the 1920s.'' sending in the Marines'' is not enough to vanquish this kind of enemy. -Excerpt. book: The Sandino Affair. Pg 240-241 '' I am in no way different from any rank-and-file soldier in the armies of the world. My voice is not arrogant, nor does my presence evoke terror as many might imagine. We have, however, fulfilling our duty as citizens, had the pleasure of seeing under our feet in humiliation a number of exalted chiefs and officers of the arrogant army of the United States, the would-be annihilator Annihilated''
'' I will protest for my own satisfaction if there is no one to support me'' -Augusto Cesar Sandino '' El espiritu supervive, la vida no muere nunca. Cada uno cumple con su destino; yo tengo la conviccion de que mis soldados y yo cumplimos con el que se nos ha encomendado. Cada uno de nosotros realiza lo que tiene que hacer en este mundo.'' -Augusto Cesar Sandino '' A man utterly without vices, with an unequivocal sense of justice, a keen eye for the welfare of the humblest soldier'' - American Journalist Carleton Beals describing SANDINO |
